Irony Of Birth: Some Females Do Die For Males!

By Sarah Williams | INN Live

In some species, mothers apparently live just so as to produced the male's progeny. And die soon after giving birth. In what has been described as a shocking discovery, a team of researchers studying the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) roundworm found that the presence of the male sperm and seminal fluid cause female worms to shrivel and die after giving birth.

“The demise of the female appears to benefit the male worm by removing her from the mating pool for other males,” said the Princeton University researchers. The researchers found that male sperm and seminal fluid trigger pathways that cause females to dehydrate, prematurely age and die. 
“Their lifespans are cut by about a third to a half,” said senior author Coleen Murphy, an associate professor of molecular biology at the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics. “Males compete to have their genomes propagated, and this often occurs at the expense of the female,” Murphy added. 

The study is the first to document body shrinkage and identify the underlying biological pathways, Murphy said. The C. elegans roundworm is commonly used in research because many of its genetic pathways are similar to those of humans. “That these pathways can be hijacked and run in reverse in a simple organism might suggest that that could also happen in more complex organisms,” said Murphy. 

“So the work can help us understand male-female interactions and how they influence female longevity and reproduction.” Males, however, require females if they are to pass on their genes to future generations. Once inseminated, the female can give birth to hundreds of progeny, and these offspring do not require maternal care after they are born. 

Killing off the mother makes her unavailable to mate with other males, giving a genetic advantage to the father. The researchers found that the lethal effect occurred not only in the C. elegans but also in other types of worms from the Caenorhabditis genus that are not hermaphroditic. 

“The fact that it is conserved in true male-female species, not just hermaphrodites, suggests that it is an important, conserved biological mechanism,” Murphy said.